I’ve been reading the fabulous paper by Neil Maycroft on ‘Cultural Consumption’ which appeared in the Capital and Class journal in 2004. Even though it’s quite old he offers a 1st class critique – though I am not in agreement.
“The concept of life-style seems to have been thoroughly naturalised, both academically and in common parlance.” (Maycroft 2004 p61).
Indeed, a quick internet search using the term ‘life-style’ produces immensely varied results from sources such as the BBC on gardening, home interior magazines, online fashion stores, motor enthusiast clubs, and even horoscope websites. Thoughts spring to mind not just of the ways magazines are categorized in a newsagent, but also of a way of being, but more so, a way of a mediating a way of being, through consumption.
Maycroft details how Alfred Adler originally used the term in 1929 in a psychological context, until it was appropriated in the 1970’s by market research, and thus became bound to the practice of consumption.
“Although many definitions of the term are to be found in literature on consumption, and as components of the promotional culture of capitalism itself, a generic definition of the term can be arrived at: a reflexive, biographical project of identity-formation ad self presentation, based upon the consumption of the symbolic dimensions of consumer commodities, particularly cultural products, services and experiences”. (Maycroft 2004 p63)
Maycroft’s main objection in his critique it that the term has been absorbed into conversation and writing in a very flippant way, though firmly located it “within the nexus of consumerism” (Maycroft 2004 p24) and what follows in his paper is a call to arms for the term to be used with much more caution and consideration of what it really means, if it means anything at all. He looks at various examples of use or modes of life-style, from work, life-styles of the rich and famous to ethnic, digital and unhealthy life-styles in a fairly damning critique.
His assessment raises some valuable questions, but it is a little short on alternatives or answers, perhaps failing to address in any detail the notion of discourse, and it’s relationship with the construction of knowledge. Life-style is plainly not the same as life; without spiralling into an in depth philosophical discussion on what it means to have life and experience life trajectory, it is clear the two are not the same, but Maycroft is not persuasive enough in his argument for me to reject the concept of lifestyle entirely. Once one recognizes life-style as a construct, or an aspect of presenting the self, then it’s not an empty term. As with any type of discourse it depends on the context of production, circulation and use, in the way it shapes how certain things are thought about and in it’s ability to be meaningful.